Possible TED Case Studies
January, 1998 Additions
1. The ECJ examined a decree by the Belgian region of Waloon
banning waste imports. It ruled such a ban was permitted
(1970s??).
2. The ECJ examined a German ban on live crayfish exports from
France and found the ban disproportionate.
3. US-Canada 1981 Treaty on Pacific Coast Albacore Tuna Vessels
and Port Privileges. This was related to a 1982 complaint by
Canada against the US against a U.S. prohibition on imports of tuna
(see TUNA case).
4. Israel kosher products import policies and non-tariff barriers
to trade.
5. India beef products import laws.
6. WTO panel established 4/97 by Canada and US against Australia
over measures affecting the importation of Shrimp (see SHRIMP
case). Also see proposed sanctions on Norway by EU of salmon
imports, Caroline Southey, "Duty on Norway salmon under fire,"
Financial Times, April 15, 1997. Canada is taking Australia to the
WTO over the latter's ban on Canadian salmon. Financial Times,
March 7, 1997. Also, Chile salmon exports and dumping charges,
Washington Post, September 3, 1996, e2.
7. US tariffs on cheap crawfish imports from China. Preliminary
decision reached, final; by 6/2/97. Journal of Commerce,3/24/1997.
8. The North American Environment Commission, part of NAFTA, is
hearing a case from an activist group opposing the expansion of a
US army base in Arizona. Journal of Commerce, 3/7/97.
9. Proposed US addition of sawfish to CITES protection list. US
Fish and Wildlife Service, 1/10/97, CITES UPDATE, January, 1997,
202-208-5634.
10. Proposed US addition of mahogony to CITES protection list. US
Fish and Wildlife Service, 1/10/97, CITES UPDATE, January, 1997,
202-208-5634.
11. Proposed US addition of alligator snapping turtle to CITES
protection list. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1/10/97, CITES
UPDATE, January, 1997, 202-208-5634.
12. Proposed US subtraction of certain mussels from CITES
protection list. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1/10/97, CITES
UPDATE, January, 1997, 202-208-5634.
13. Pistachio trade, " US Complains to Israel over Iranian
Pistachios," The Journal of Commerce, June 11, 1997, p. 27.
14. EU-US slaughter house dispute. Stephanie Nall, "EU, US may
draw blood over slaughterhouse issue."
15. Frozen food import labelling. Florence Fabricant, "Frozen-
Food Imports and Their Labels," The New York Times, April 9, 1997.
"Labeling: Where is That Country of Origin?", Washington Post,
April 9, 1997.
16. Japan to import US Tomatoes. Peter Tirschwell, "Japan ready
to let in US tomatoes," April 14, 1997.
17. Mackeral exports from Norway to Japan, WTO trade dispute,
Washington, Trade Daily, March 5 and 6, 1997.
18. The possibility of US dog or cat exports.
19. Eco-labelling and intellectual property cases.
The following are proposed measured discussed at the 1997 CITES
meeting. Information on these cases can be obtained from the
Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
20. Deletion of tree kangaroos from Appendix II, by Australia, was
adopted.
21. Inclusion of hairy armadillo, by Bolivia, adopted for Appendix
II.
22. Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe, transfer of elephant to
Appendix II, adopted.
23. Allow trade in rhinoceros parts, by South Africa, rejected.
24. Include water buffalo in Appendix I, by Thailand, withdrawn.
25. Include the horned curassow, by the Netherlands, withdrawn
(native to south America).
26. Transfer the argali (Mongolian wild sheep), from Appendix to
I, by Germany, adopted.
27. Transfer Tahitian lorikeet from Appendix I to II, by Germany,
rejected.
28. Include in Appendix II, the Pekin robin, by Netherlands,
adopted.
29. Include in Appendix II, the Java sparrow, by Netherlands,
adopted.
30. Include in Appendix II, the North American painted terrapin,
by Germany, adopted.
31. Transfer to Appendix II, the Indian and yellow monitor, by
Bangladesh, rejected.
32. Include in Appendix II, the timber rattlesnake, by USA,
withdrawn.
33. Delete from Appendix II, New Zealand amber snails, by
Switzerland, adopted.
34. Amendment to American ginseng by Switzerland, adopted,
35. Amendment to Mexican cacti to include seeds, Mexico, adopted.
36. Include in Appendix II and amend, mahogony, USA, Switzerland,
Bolivia, adopted.
37. Amend Appendix II listing of cacti to exclude artificial
propagation, Denmark, adopted.
38. Impact of Kyoto treaty on trade and environment patterns in
individual countries.Back-logged Cases
1. Dromedary Trade (two-humped camels), wild animals, many in
Mongolia, are becoming extinct due to Chinese imports for food and
medicines.
2. Brussel Sprouts and Waste Clean Up, Economist, March 2, 1996,
75, "Sprouting Waste"
3. Kenyan porcupine loss. Quills are used to make earrings to
sell to tourists.
4. Boston Tea Party -- British Tea, grown probably in India, and
rights of colonists. Environmental impact.
5. Turkish Gold mining and French investors, NY TIMES,
http:/www.nytimes.com, 4/16/97.
6. Kenya, loss of ebony and teak. Besides on-going cutting,
carved wooden objects are made into objects for sale to tourists.
7. Tanzania - Europe bird trade.
8. Paper shortages and recycling trends (several recent article;
paper shortages, especially due to higher Asian demand). (Baltimore
Sun, 2/13,1995, 9c+16c).
9. Africa use of pesticides rejected for use in Europe.
10. India-Bangladesh water agreement and trade and environment.
Washington Post, 13/13/1996, A43.
11.
12. Kenya, shrimp and lobster farming with German investment and
impact on estuaries and mangroves.
13. Kenya and Costa Rica butterfly farms and trade.
14. Slovakia aluminum smelter (EBRD funding).
15. Mexican Reservoir contamination and migratory bird loss
(Baltimore Sun, 2/3/1995, 4A). First NAFTA CEC case, but not
probed.
16. Union Carbide pollution and flamingos in Kenya.
17. New Zealand tree farms. New Zealand has planted large pine
plantation farms and is replacing indigenous species, and is now a
major exporter.
18. Seveso, Italy, waste case, historical, Zaelke at 99.
19. Ban on trade of pistachios with Iran. The result has been the
establishment of a large industry in California and elsewhere.
20. Florida Keys deer and auto deaths, NY TIMES,
http:/www.nytimes.com, 3/18/97.
21. Methyl Bromide use in California (fumigant for walnuts, etc)
and impact on Ozone. See "Out of the Frying Pan, Avoiding the
Fire", Ozone Action, Inc. Washington DC. (1621 Connecticut, 265-
6738). (see BNA, IER, 4/5/1995)
22. US Christmas Tree exports to Mexico (article).
23. American box turtle trade (article in recent National
Geographic).
24. Gold, gold rings, and environmental degradation in South
Africa and California.
25. US circle of poison agricultural import issue.
26. Ginseng trade from North America to Asia and loss of species
due to over-harvesting, International Herald Tribune, December 12,
1995, page 24, "U.S. Plant Poachers on High Alert for 'Green
Gold'".
27. Sandalwood trade.
28. French nuclear waste for Japan shipped illegally through
Argentine waters (188, 245). Bureau of National Affairs (BNA),
International Environmental Reporter (Index, April 5, 1995, Vol
18/No 7 for 1/11/95 to 3/22/95 covering pages 1-248).
29. Australia skiing and environment.
30. Int'l Court of Justice, Corfu Channel Case (1949, UK vs.
Albania).
31. Ivory trade in China under the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties.
Taiwan National Palace Museum. Also, historical trade in ivory and
mammoth extinction.
32. WTO dispute on Hungarian Agricultural Subsidies originating in
US, Canada, Argentina, New Zealand and Australia (Cairns group).
33. Super rice, NY TIMES, http://www.nytimes.com, 4/6/97.
34. Sweden cadmium laws, Zaelke book at 101.
35. US-Korea WTO dispute on testing of agricultural products.
36. Sponge trade, US-Mexico, Zaelke reader at 175.
37. Tibetan antelope wool trade.
38. Sports hunting in China.
39. Farming fishing pollution and diseases, Vegetarian Times,
February, 1996, p. 18.
40. Cameroon and coffee.
41. Japan tourism and development assistance.
42. Congo: tourism and species trade.
43. Trade aspects of the Convention on the Conservation of
European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 1979.
44. Environmental aspects of the Helms - Burton law in US.
45. Korea fruit and vegetable import laws, "S Korea faces WTO
Complaint," Financial Times, May 31, 1996.
46. Alar and apples scare in US.
47. Red Sea oil development and environment.
48. Bicycle trade wars between US and China. Washington Times,
February 25, 1996, p. A13.
49. Georges Bank Fish Conservation measures and foreign fleets
(recent Canada- Spain dispute).
50. Pine Shoot Beetle and Xmas tree trade, US and Canada.
51. UK establishment of a PCB incinerator in north UK and imports.
52. Chile agriculture and EC complaints over irrigation from
contaminated rivers.
53. Ecuador Shrimp industry.
54. US import laws on PCBs (224). Bureau of National Affairs
(BNA), International Environmental Reporter (Index, April 5, 1995,
Vol 18/No 7 for 1/11/95 to 3/22/95 covering pages 1-248).
55. US-Canada Waste Trade (proposed US Legislation).
56. Australia wood chip laws and exports (33). Bureau of National
Affairs (BNA), International Environmental Reporter (Index, April
5, 1995, Vol 18/No 7 for 1/11/95 to 3/22/95 covering pages 1-248).
57. Eritria and Trade.
58. Brazil hazardous waste import restrictions (66). Bureau of
National Affairs (BNA), International Environmental Reporter
(Index, April 5, 1995, Vol 18/No 7 for 1/11/95 to 3/22/95 covering
pages 1-248).
59. Dutch Battery Recycling law and impact on importers (257).
Bureau of National Affairs (BNA), International Environmental
Reporter (April 5, 1995, Vol 18/No 7).
60. Indonesia-New Guinea shifting agricultural practices.
61. Somalia-Kenya shifting agricultural practices by nomads across
national boundaries (and elsewhere such as Papua New Guinea).
62. APEC and Environment
63. Finnish Arsenic Dumping in Atlantic, historic (Builder).
64. US Ban on bald eagle exports.
65. India eco-label requirements.
66. 1972 US oil spill in US that contaminated British Columbia and
use of Trail Smelter case as a precedent.
67. German cow tariffs (vs. Austria and Switzerland) in 1902,
Zaelke at 178, also Haberler.
68. Endangered Species Act and trade impacts.
69. ASEAN Plan of Action for the Environment.
70. Earth Satellites.
71. EU Green Car Tax. (see Germany case)
72. Japan's domestic Forest Protection Policies and wood imports.
73. Greenland and species trade.
74. Cloth diapers and landfill problems, NY TIMES,
http://www.nytimes.com, 2/9/97.
75. Ban on hcfcs (hydochloroflourons), halons along with CFCs.
76. EC fruit and vegetable licensing and subsidies, "California
Peach Growers Fight Greek Subsidies," Journal of Commerce, April
18, 1996.
77. Wood labelling agreement between Croatia, Slovakia, Austria,
Hungary, and Slovenia.
73. Tijuana-LA Furniture Finishing firm movement due to new LA air
pollution laws.
74. EC Restrictions on Copper Scrap Imports from US.
75. Cement Industry, Taiwan and Korea.
76. Korea and Rice.
77. Dutch Wine Bottle restrictions.
78. Jari project in Brazil (historical).
79. South Africa synthetic oil and environment, due to sanctions,
"Adapt, Die or Make Chemicals," Economist, Nov. 4, 1995, 71.
80. Deep mining practices and Swedish theory of deep lodes of oil.
81. Lions and trade, especially tourism.
82. Aramid fiber case (patent protection).
83. Computer manufacturing and disks and impact on the
environment.
84. Reindeer trade (Nordics).
85. Baseball player trade between US and Japan.
86. Methanol/Ethanol controversy and trade.
87. Cotton, textiles, the environment and trade.
88. Irradiation and food trade.
89. Native Americans and gold mines in Montana, NY TIMES,
http://www.nytimes.com, 2/9/97.
90. Honey case (USITC) and trade with China.
91. Nut trade.
92. Nutmeg trade (historical).
93. US Coal exports.
94. US-Canada wheat trade dispute.
95. British army use of syntheitc fibers instead of rel bear skin
for cermeonial hats, "Fur Flies--or is it Synthetic Fiber?",
Washington Post, August 17, 1997.
96. Norway, US, bans on aerosols containing CFCs. CFC Recovering
programs in Germany and Netherlands.
97. Mauritius sugar exports and tourism.
98. Harvesting of glaciers by Saudis.
99. McDonalds Trade
100. Zoo trade.
101. Great White Hunters in Africa or India (1920-1940) for lion
and tiger and others (Hemingway).
102. Worm trade.
103. Salt trade (historical and current).
104. Plutonium shipments to Japan through the Caribbean (article in
Miami Herald, January 15, 1995, international edition, 3A).
105. Ston Company wood chip operation proposed in Nicaragua and
Costa Rica (Tico Times article).
106. Environmental aspect of Smoot-Hawley.
107. Japan food processing recovery law and impact on importers
(IER, 3/33/1995, 228).
108. CBI and the environment.
109. Enterprise for the Americas and Trade.
110. Wool trade (Argentina and Uruguay, New Zealand, Australia).
111. Andes skiing and development.
112. Antarctic Minerals Convention (see International Environmental
Politics: Protecting the Antarctic, Lorraine M. Elliot, New York:
Saint Martins Press, 1994.
113. Lead tainted lollipop trade, US and Mexico (Wash. Post,
4/30/1995, A3).
114. Calgene hybrid tomatoes.
115. (In progress) Canada-Japan-indigenous peoples conflict on
timber rights, Wsh. Post, 4/28/1995. A31.
116. Carbon taxes in Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, and Sweden.
117. Dassonville case, similar to Cassis case by Tim Conley, liquor
trade in EC.
118. Indonesia fires and relocation programs.
119. Easter Island statues and deforestation.
120. Hair Trade (Most human hair used in wigs and hair weaves are
imported, especially from Southeast Asia).
121. Paulownia tree poaching in federal parks around Washington DC,
bound for Asian markets (WPOST, 4/21/1995, B1).
122. Eritrea-Yemen island dispute and fishing rights claims.
123. Decline of European bird population in Europe and intensive
agriculture (relates to CAP).
124.
125.
126. Environmental objections to new port on Si Chang Island,
Thailand (Lexis/Nexis).
127. The environment and the impact of the DMZ between the Koreas.
128. Greece-Turkey island dispute and fishing rights.
129. Battery disposal charges in Canada, Denmark, Portugal, and
Sweden.
130. Gold mining, Lihir Island, New Guinea.
131. Olestra and trade.
132. Riau special trade zone in Indonesia (Nexis/Lexis).
133. Kangaroos in Australia: exports of meats and hides, and
impacts on agriculture.
134. Desalinization technology and water-drip technology trade.
135. Environmental degradation at Bougainville copper mines and
relation to social rebellion (New Guinea).
136. Spaceport on island of Papua New Guinea (planned).
137. Spaceport in Guyana for Ariane launches.
138.
139. The environment and space observatories.
140. Environmental exports, Economist, 11/21/1992, 80.
141. Pollution in Japan, "Our Tragic Experiences," July, 1991,
Study Group for Global Environment and Economics (mimeo, I have),
Office of Policy Planning and Research, Environment Agency, Tokyo.
Jinzu River mining and environmental damage.
142.
143. Mining and chemical spill in Guyana? Surinam?.
144. Possible trade aspects of mining or tourism on the Moon.
145. Recyclable cars in France, like GERMAUTO case.
146. Virus and botulism trade.
147. Seed Trade, Native Seeds project.
148. Integrated pest management and trade.
148. Golf and Taiwan environment and politics (Economist
10/29/1993, p. 44).
149. Buffalo meat demand, possible exports (Economist, 5/6/1994, p.
33-4. (Recent)
150. Cactus rustling in Arizona (saguaro), exports to Qatar,
Switzerland and Japan. (Hagerstown, The Morning Herald, July 18,
1995, D6. ("Armed officers on prowl for cactus rustlers").
151.
152. Oman and fishing. Oman's ancient ruins and tourism.
153. S. Korea bans then puts regulatory standards on imports of US
wood (related to Nematode case). SDA Aphis 202-764-3188 and
Western Wood products assn., 503-224-3930. CINTRAFOR NEWS, Center
for Int'l Trade in Forest Products, vol 18, no. 2, July, 1995, page
3. (206-543-8684)
154. US denies Mexican request to borrow water from the Rio Grande
due to drought. "Mexico in mid-crisis," Washington Post, May 29,
1995, A17.
155. Regulations on Salmon River, fish and agricultural products
relations, to save salmon. Economist, December 19, 1994, 34-36.
156. US deer over-population and possible deer (venison) exports.
US News and World Report, November, 21, 1994, 85-86.
157. Germany bottle recycling requirements. Economist, December
19, 1994, 69 and January 28, 1995, 62.
158. Berlin Conference on global warming. Economist, April 1,
1995.
159. Ethiopia and Trade, such as coffee. (Home to most of the
world's major food types.)
160. Lead Gas Regulations ins UK (CLEAR). Economist, August 13,
1995.
161. Argentine wheat exports. Economist, August 20, 1994, 36.
162.
163. India: complains that the Montreal Protocol puts them at a
disadvantage, wants to export more (Environment, November, 1993).
164. Arum World Bank dam in Nepal, Economist, October 16, 1993, 40.
Also, India and Nepal water deal, Economist, "Splashing Out,"
1/25/1997, 37.
165. Canada forest exports and logging protests, Economist, June
11, 1994, 44.
166. Australia sheep and deforestation, Economist, October 31,
1995, 35-6.
167. Corn and trade in history. Economist, May 8, 1993, 89-90.
168. Rice export wars in Asia, Economist, June 19, 1993, 35-36.
169. Game ranches. Economist, August 21, 1993, 25.
170. Windy Craggy mine in Canada, Economist, June 26, 1993, 72.
171. Strawberries and Wimbeldon, Economist, June 26, 1993, 62.
172. Libya water pipeline. Economist, May 28, 1988, 44.
173.
174.
175. Crocodile farms in Australia. Economist, October 10, 1992, 82
and Thailand, November 5, 1994, 34.
176. (In progress) Major companies, including Mitsubishi the
world's largest disposable chopsticks maker, have set up operations
in northern Alberta. Logging mills have been set up and native
people's have lost lands. Sierra, October 1995, 81.
176. Cascadia environmental implications. Economist, May 21, 1994,
52.
177. Chile Salmon Farming and Exports to Japan, Economist, October
1, 1994, 78.
178.
179. Silk trade, modern and historical. "Chinese Silk is Turning
Into a Sow's Ear," The Wall Street Journal, July 9, 1996, 11.
180. Automobile emissions standards in Korea (The Korean Journal of
International Studies, XXV:2, 1994, 161-177).
181. CIS and East Europe: clear cutting technologies introduced
(Environment, July/August, 1994).
182. Canada: impact of ban of import and inter-province trade in
gasoline additive -- methylcyclopeutadieyl manganese tricarbonyl
(MMT). (International Environmental Reporter, May 31, 1995).
183. China: has signed a quarantine agreement with the US and
Canada on importing live animals (Business Week, August 6, 1995).
184. Columbia: impact on sugar industry of signing voluntary
agreement with Ministry of Environ to phase out traditional post-
harvest waste burning (BNA International Environment Daily, August
17, 1995.
185. EU: trade is hindered by difference in member laws on
biodegradability of surfacants (1995 ERM Computer Info. Services,
June, 1995).
186. US & EU: two entities set to sign standards agreement by
mutual recognition of product standards (BNA International Trade
Daily, July 31, 1995).
187. UK: imports spent nuclear waste from Japan and Germany for
reprocessing and return for use (Environmental Science and
Technology, February, 1994).
188. UK: efforts to lower packaging waste (Financial Post, July 28,
1995 and Government Press Release, August 18, 1995).
189. US: food labelling in Vermont, Ben and Jerry and BST,
Economist, September 16, 1995, 35-6.
190. Japan: seaweed defat soap, Economist, September 16, 1995, 44.
191. Aggregates trade, sand and gravel, and impact on environments
in US, Canada, and Japan. (WCATS database).
192. India: growth of car industry, Economist, September 16, 1995,
74.
193. South Africa: solar power plans, Economist, September 9, 1995,
81.
194: US: mining vs. tourism in west, Economist, July 1, 1995, 21-2.
195. Free Trade Area of the Americas: negotiations to be completed
by 2005, Economist, July 14, 1995, 35-6.
196.
197. Trade in rocks from Moon, Mars and other extra-terrestrial
bodies.
198. Canada: British Columbia water exports, Economist, June 17,
1995, 49.
199. Gulf of Mexico: oil drilling and fishing, Economist, March 5,
1995, 70.
200. India: native Zebu cow inter-breeding with European types,
Economist, September 16, 1995, 35-6.
201. US: Bonneville salt flats loss, Economist, July 29, 1995, 19.
202. Egypt: water diversions from Nile, Economist, August 12, 1995,
36.
203. India: water diversions from Ganges, Economist, August 12,
1995, 36.
204. Cambodia: endangered species trade, Economist, September 2,
1995, 32.
205. Venezuela: coca trade, Economist, September 2, 1995, 40.
206. Bioengineering, Economist, August 5, 1995, 73.
207.
208. Australia: export of Eucalyptus wood chips.
209. Australia: Australian coal trade to Asia (Greenpeace Web
site).
210. Tin and the Trojan war.
211. Failure of waste dam at Omai in Guyana and cyanide poisoning
of water and water life. Economist, October 7, 1995, 68.
212. Logging of Tongass National Park in Alaska.
213. Kalimantan Fire and Indonesia Wood Exports. Economist,
September 30, 1995, 40.
214. Canada-EU dispute on scallops in WTO. Canada complained about
French labelling requirements on imported scallops. "Canada tells
WTO scallop accord reached," The Journal of Commerce, July 8, 1996.
215.
216. Caribbean Whaling Exception to Int'l Whaling ban, to a single
person, Outside, October, 1995, 99-106.
217. British Pub Exports, Economist, October 21, 1995, 71.
218. Animal organ trade, Economist, October 21, 1995, 83-4.
219. Chicago Board of Trade, Recyclable Exchange or Pollution
Permits, Economist, October 28, 1995, 94.
220. Historical 1800s trade in ice, Economist, December 21,
1991/January 3, 1992, 47-48.
221. French attempt to ban British Ski Instructors, Economist,
December 21, 1991/January 3, 1992, 84.
222. Brazil or US ethanol or methanol incentives and environment.
223. Brazil coffee exports and environment.
224. Brazil and sugar trade.
225. Drop in UK apple orchards due to imports and environment
impact, Economist, June 1, 1991, 58.
226. Vietnam offshore oil drilling and environment.
227. Maine farm fishing and environment, Economist, August 10,1991,
19-20.
228. Zanzibar and cloves, Economist, August 10, 1991, 34.
229. Eastern holistic barley crops, Economist, August 10, 1991, 74.
230.
231. California environmental exports, Economist, November 16,
1991, 79-80.
232. Cozumel, Mexico pier construction for cruise and threat to
coral reefs, first info request to NAFTA's Committee on
Environmental Cooperation, Journal of Commerce, "NAFTA Panel on
Environment Raises Questions on Mexican Pier, February 16, 1996.
Kevin Hall, "Nafta green commission launches Mexico probe," Journal
of Commerce, June 11, 1996, 11.
233. Greenland and trade.
234. Due to continued Italian use of driftnets in the Medit., the
US is threatening to ban all fish exports valued at $1 billion.
Washington Post, March 14,1995, "Italy Faces Cutoff of Exports to
US," A24.
235. German plans to ship radioactive waste to northwest China
(Shichiang province.)
236. Proposals by US firms to ship waste to China, State Department
is trying to set guidelines.
** The following are noted in Dan Esty, Greening the Gatt, Appendix
B.
237. Country eco-label programs: Canada's Environmental Choice, the
Nordic Council, etc.
238. Court Case: Palladio vs. Diamond, NY, protects trade in
reptiles.
239. EC Court of Justice, Waste Oils directive and trade, 1984.
240.
241. US ban on procymidone in wine and impact on European wine
producers.
242. Puerto Rico ultra-high temperate milk imports from Canada were
regulated out of existence in 1991.
243. 1940 Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation
in the Western Hemisphere.
244. 1957 convention on North Pacific fur seals.
245. 1970 Benelux convention on birds.
246. Vicuna treaty of 1980 in South America.
247. ASEAN agreement on nature and conservation, 1985.
248. Coelacanth and trade (an ancient fish, long thought extinct
for 50 million years).
249. WTO dispute settlement panel is examining a complaint by the
Philippines to look at Brazilian taxes on dried coconut flakes.
250. US wheat export bans due to finding of fungal disease.
Journal of Commerce, March 13, 1996, 1a.
251. German beer bottle recycling law, Journal of Commerce, March
11, 1996, B10a.
(The following measures are from M. Trexler, "The Convention on
International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna:
Political or Conservation Success?", UC Berkeley, 1989.)
252. 1977: Nicaragua bans commercial wildlife trade.
253. 1978: Honduras bans most commercial mammal and bird trade.
254. 1967: Brazil bans all wildlife commercial exports, Mexico does
in 1982, Belize in 1980.
255. 1980: Ghana bans parrot trade, 1984 Zaire bans parrot trade.
256. 1981: Pakistan bans exports of wild mammals and reptiles and
1987 extends the ban.
257. 1984: India bans snake exports.
258. 1984: Malaysia bans macaque exports.
259. 1986: Laos bans wildlife exports., 1986 Senegal, and Guyana,
1987.
260. 1986: Haiti bans native wildlife exports.
261. 1986: Indonesia bans raw skin exports.
262. 1987: India bans frog exports.
263. Papua New Guinea bans live vertebrate exports.
264. 1987: New York state bans wild bird imports.
265. Philippines (Journal of Commerce, March 21, 1996, "Chinese
Expected to Expand Tariff Cuts in WTO Entry Talks") and India
(Journal of Commerce, March 27, 1996, "India Plans to Challenge US
Decision on Shrimp) object to US laws protecting shrimp.
** Here are some historic cases.
266. Historical case of Roman imports. Extensive trading system
existed. Rome imported wild animals from Africa, and grain, olive
oil, minerals, etc. from many places.
267. Mayan, Aztec and Incan trading systems and agricultural
specialization, or other types of economic activity.
268. Ancient trade along the Nile, from lower to Upper regions.
269. Ancient trade in China in ivory and jade. See Taiwan National
Museum.
270. Vikings, Trade and North America/Greenland.
271. The Celtic Trading system.
272. Mongols and trade, Genghis and Kublai Khans and extension of
trading system.
273. China trading system in mid-1500s.
274. Ancient and current trade in amber and Jurassic Park.
275. Ancient trade in mammoth ivory. Pre-historic.
276. Dentalium trading system in Pacific northwest.
277. African trading system centered around empires in Zimbabwe and
Timbuktu.
278. Inca trading system.
** The following are more current cases.
279. Canada's limits on Borders bookstore expansion.
280. Russian nuclear plant in Cuba and geothermal plant in
Nicaragua stalled for lack of money, "Hello Again", Economist
339/7968, June 1, 1996, 43.
281. Dutch company sets up banana farm in Ghana, runs against EU
banana quotas, Economist, December 23, 1995, 51-2.
282. China's growing need for food imports, "Chinese grist to the
Malthusian mills," Economist 339/7964, May 4, 1996, 33.
283. Truffles and trade, maybe China as an exporter, "Ruffling
France's trufflers," Economist 339/7964, May 4, 1996, 52.
284. Portugal and cork, "It grows on trees," Economist 339/7964,
May 4, 1996, 64.
285. Mexico, tortillas, subsidies and trade, "Bigger than
baguettes," Economist, 339/7967, May 25, 1996, 73.
286. Lettuce, foreign workers and trade, "The lettuce field,"
Economist 339/7969, June 8, 1996, 32.
287. "Paradise retained? Aqua-tourism," Economist 338/7951,
February 3, 1996, 72.
288. Sydney Olympics and bell frogs, "For the Record," Outside
20/12, December, 1995, 30.
289. Butterfly trade and poaching, "Crimes of Passion: A glimpse
into the covert world of rare butterfly collecting," Outside 21/1,
January, 1996, 29-32
290.
291.
292. Canadian subsidies to Canadian publishers. The Globe and
Mail, Toronto, "Standing on Guard for Canadian Magazines,"
September 13, 1996, c2. For subsidies to newspapers see The Globe
and Mail, Toronto, "Standing on Guard for Canadian Magazines,"
September 7, 1996, a1.
293. "Japan to Lift ban on Canadian Tomatoes: First Such Action
Since Return of US Apples," The Journal of Commerce, September 6,
1996, 15. Japan only allows imports from South Korea and the
Netherlands. US also working with Japanese on tomatoes. Spanish
oranges may be allowed in next.
294.
295.
296. Camels and trade.
297. Mongolian archaeological artifact trade
298. Dutch Pork Exports and Feces Problems.
299. Bonsai trade.
300. Helium trade.
301. US International Trade Commission, Investigation No. 731-TA-
752, "Crawfish Tail Meat from China." Brought by Louisiana
Crawfish Coalition.
302. US International Trade Commission, Investigation No. TA-201-65
and NAFTA-302-1, "Broom Corn."
303. US ITC, TA-201-66, Fresh Tomatoes and Bell Peppers.
304. US ITC, 332-361, "Global Competitiveness of U.S. Environmental
Technology Industries: Air Pollution Prevention and Control.
305. US ITC, &31-TA-683, Fresh Garlic from the PRC.
306. Dispute before WTO: (brought by US): Australia salmon import
ban.
307. Dispute before WTO: (brought by US): Korean agricultural
shelf-life.
308. Gut Dam Case: Canadian dam on the ST. Lawrence River. The US
claimed damages due to the lake effects (1947-52).
309. 1972 US-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
310. 1972 World Heritage Convention
311. Russian "Oil Spill Threatens Japan's Fishing Industry,"
Washington Post. 1/8/97, A19.
312. "Cargo Ship Stuck in Marine Sanctuary," Washington Post,
2/5/97, A3. The only living coral reef in the US was damaged.
313.
314. Cameroon export of parrots (psittacus erithacus) is rejected
by CITES
except for permits, 11/18/1996, CITES, No.945.
315. Proposed ruled to U.S. Fish and wildlife Service that would
allow exports from only certain ports of entry for wood protect by
Endangered Species Act, 11/18/1996, CITES, No.945.
316. US proposal to CITES to protect sawfish, 11/18/1996, CITES,
No.945, cite re 1/10/97.
317. US proposal to CITES to protect bigleaf mahogany, 11/18/1996,
CITES, No.945, cite re 1/10/97.
318. US proposal to CITES to protect snapping turtle, 11/18/1996,
CITES, No.945, cite re 1/10/97.
319. US proposal to CITES to protect timber rattlesnake,
11/18/1996, CITES, No.945, cite re 1/10/97.
320. Donovan Webster, "The Looting and Smuggling and Fencing and
Hoarding of Impossibly Precious, Feathered and Scaly Wild Things,"
The New York times Magazine, February 16, 1997, 27. Madagasacar
boas, tortoises, lemurs, etc.
321. Komodo dragon and trade.
322. Ancient tool finds in Germany (400,00bc) and Siberia
(300,00bc). Washington Post, "Artifacts May Push Back Human
Residency in siberia by 3,00 years," Curt Suplee, 2/28/1997, A8.
323. Myanamar gas pipeline through Thailand, Economist, 1/18.1997,
39, "Trouble in the Pipeline."
324.
325. Chile and US food exports and imports (apples, berries,
citrus, grapes, kiwifruit, pears, wheat). Also, Argentina and hoof
and mouth disease. Washington Trade Daily, 2/11/97, p.3.
326. Navajo Sheep Grazing and environment. I have a first cut case
study on it (hard copy only).
327. Flying fish. Sport and roe.
328. "Clearcutting Belize," Sierra, March/April, 1997, p. 26.
Malaysian companies involved.
329. Australia dog (dingo) fence, National Geographic, April, 1997,
p. 18.
330. Cites Update #49, February, 1997, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, List of proposed
amendments for 10th annual meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, June 1997,
Downgrade in minke whale status (Japan and Norway).
331. Cites Update #49, February, 1997, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, List of proposed
amendments for 10th annual meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, June 1997,
Export quota for jaguar as hunting trophy (Venezuela). Proposal in
Spanish.
332. Cites Update #49, Downgrade in vicuna trade status to allow
wool trade (Bolivia). Proposal in Spanish.
333. Cites Update #49, Allow exports of elephant leather and ivory
carvings and hides (Botswana, Namibia, Botswana).
334. Cites Update #49, Water buffalo protection (Thailand).
335. Cites Update #49, Black billed amazon parrot and Tahitian
parakeet (Germany) and Java sparrow (Netherlands).
336. Cites Update #49, Allow exports of elephant leather and ivory
carvings and hides (Botswana, Namibia, Botswana).
337. Cites Update #49, Water buffalo protection (Thailand).
338. Cites Update #49, Black billed amazon parrot and Tahitian
parakeet (Germany) and Java sparrow (Netherlands).
339. Cites Update #49, Allow exports of ranched Caiman and
downgrade in status (Argentina in Spanish).
337. Cites Update #49, Export quotas on Indian monitors
(Bangladesh)
338. Cites Update #49, American ginseng designation (Switzerland).
339. Cites Update #49, Cacti inclusion for protection (Denmark).
340. Cites Update #49, Cacti inclusion for propagation only
(Mexico).
