E-Government in Jordan

Overview of the government IT infrastructure [6]:

  • Organizations with IT: 82 (97%)
  • IT equipment Servers (394) Clients (8833)
  • LANs: 77 (91%)
  • WANs 48 (60%)
  • Internet 74 (87%)
  • Web Presence 44 (52%)

According to the “Implementation of E-Government in Jordan” report released by the E-Government task force in Jordan, E-Government is defined as not a technology project, but rather as an attempt to accomplish the following:

• Improve the performance, credibility and transparency of the government.

• Provide government products and service electronically.

• Provide services to citizens electronically.

• Improve collaboration between government agencies.

• Improve Jordan’s competitive advantage.

• Reduce costs incurred by the government and the private sector

In an email interview with Bassem Awadallah, who is currently the Minister of Planning in Jordan, he stated that the implementation of E-Government is essential is “extremely timely…with all that has been going on around us, all the Gulf countries have accelerated their E-Government programs.”   In light of this, the implementation of such project is essential to compete in the region.

However, there are many limitations that hinder the E-Government project. These limitations are:

1. Financing the E-Government project.

2. Creating a uniform standard between government agencies. Different agencies are using different computer platforms.

3. Laying out the groundwork for such a project. Currently there is a digital divide that exists between urban and rural areas. There are some areas in the country that are not yet familiar with PC’s and will not be able to utilize E-Government services. Many government agencies outside the capital city, Amman, are not yet computerized. Therefore, the introduction of PC’s and upgrading these areas are crucial to the success of the project.

4. Computer literacy: currently His Majesty King Abdullah II is undergoing a massive program of teaching computer literacy and English in public school throughout the kingdom. He is also collecting foreign aid to introduce PC’s in rural areas.

5. Legislation needs to be overhauled in order to implement the project. Many laws are outdated, currently hindering the establishment of E-Government. However, “preparation of e-commerce, e-banking, and e-signature laws is already underway” (Bassem Awadallah).

According to the “Jordan E-Government: an Implementation Plan,” which was published by the Economic Consultative Council at the Royal Palace of Jordan, the project would take the form of government-to-business, government-to-citizen, and government-to-government. The government-to-business objective is to attract foreign investment by making it easier for foreign companies to register and conduct business in Jordan. E-Government will also focus on the government-to-citizen to make some services available to citizens via the Internet. To build the backbone of such a project, the various government agencies need to be connected with one another, thus government-to-government. These dimensions of E-Government and the limitations that would hinder their development will be discussed in detail later in this paper.

The E-Government project aims to place the Jordanian government into the 21st century. However, there are certain limitations that would hinder the advancement of the project. Certainly the most important and critical limitation is the digital divide that currently exists in the kingdom. Computer literacy exists mainly in Amman and Irbid. The rest of the country needs to catch up. Utilizing foreign aid to distribute personal computers throughout the kingdom especially in the rural areas is solving this problem. There is also a movement towards upgrading government agencies throughout the country. The most serious step towards eliminating the digital divide is the addition of information technology responsibilities to the renamed Ministry of Information and Communications and Technology. The education program of mandatory computer literacy and English language in public schools and universities will also eliminate the digital divide.

Financing the E-Government project is yet another limitation. The government needs to utilize it resources and foreign aid to finance the project. The project will certainly be worth the money because it will establish the kingdom as a country fit for investment. It is necessary for the project to the completed as soon as possible in order to establish a competitive advantage in the area. UAE and Qatar have already established their own E-Government projects and it is imperative that Jordan follows suit.

The establishment of a uniform government intranet is also necessary for the successful implementation of E-Government. Government agencies traditionally have operated as separate islands. Each agency developed a computerized system on its own. With the establishment of E-Government and the renamed Ministry of Information and Communications and Technology, the various agencies will interact in a meaningful way. The last limitation is the outdated legislation that stood in the way of the establishment of the project. However, current legislations are being reviewed and changed by the parliament.

The most important step to overcoming all the obstacles that stand in the way of E-Government is the continued seriousness and dedication to the project. His Majesty King Abdullah certainly expresses his dedication for the establishment of a serious IT sector in Jordan. One of the ways to achieve that is with the E-Government project. On his personal website, his majesty outlines the necessary steps to achieving this goal and that they include “new or amended legislation, necessary government policies, procedures and incentives that would lead to the growth of this sector, and perhaps more importantly a will to make them overcome any obstacle in this regard.” (9)

However, E-Government in Jordan remains a project on paper and is not yet realized.  Currently 52% of government organizations are present on the web.  Examples of web presence includes the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology website (http://www.moict.gov.jo) which lists documents such as the E-Government documents.  An example of Government to Business E-Government is the website for the Ministry of Industry and Trade (http://www.mit.gov.jo/home_En.asp) which includes guidelines for company registration in Jordan.  The company can register through the website and send the application electronically.  However, the applicant must visit the service desk at the ministry and provide the company name in order to check for accuracy.  If no further information is required then the application is printed out and signed in front of the government official at the service desk.  Registration fees can only be paid in person or though a designated representative with a power of attorney.  The process may reduce red tape but physical signing of documents and physical (rather than online) payments must be provided (for an example of the registration application follow the link :(http://www.mit.gov.jo/PUInfoRegister_En.asp).  The example of the Ministry of Industry and Trade website is a prime example of E-Government capabilities reduced because of regulations that prohibit e-payments and e-signatures (further discussion can be found at the IT Legal Environment page)