Hard

Question 1:

The "CNN effect" refers to the loss of policy control on the part of government officials to the media -- particularly real-time television broadcasts. Based on empirical evidence, which of the following statements most accurately describes the influence of the CNN effect on recent United States policy in Somalia and Bosnia?

1. Somalia and Bosnia offer exemplar cases of the CNN effect.

2. Despite the intuitive appeal of arguments in favor of media-driven foreign policy, empirical evidence undermines the notion of a strong CNN effect.

3. Humanitarian interventions in Somalia and Bosnia were not thoughtful choices but emotional ones, driven by televised images.

4. There is little empirical evidence either to support or undermine the CNN effect's role in determining United States policy in Somalia and Bosnia.

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